The two main categories are natural draft and mechanical draft towers. towers are the iconic, hyperboloid concrete structures often seen at large utility power stations. They use a tall chimney to create a natural airflow without the need for fans. Due to their immense size, they are generally only practical for very high water flow rates.

Clean nozzles/fill; check fan operation; verify process parameters. Broken drift eliminators; over-pumped water flow. Replace damaged eliminators; balance hydraulic flow. High Basin Water Level / Overflow Faulty makeup float valve; plugged suction screen. Calibrate or replace float; clear debris from pump screen. Excessive Noise / Vibration Misaligned fan shaft; broken fan blade; worn bearings.

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