In April 1983, Shining Path militants slaughtered 69 villagers, including women and children, in Santiago de Lucanamarca as a punishment for resisting the insurgency. Guzmán explicitly defended this cruelty as a lesson to counter-revolutionaries.

The conflict reached its turning point on September 12, 1992, when the Special Intelligence Group (GEIN) of the Peruvian police captured Abimael Guzmán in a safehouse in Surco, Lima. This event broke the spine of the organization, leading to its gradual fragmentation. Guzmán remained imprisoned in a maximum-security naval base until his death in September 2021. Cultural Impact and Journalistic Value

Basada en el marxismo-leninismo-maoísmo, adaptada por Guzmán como "pensamiento guía" para iniciar una "guerra popular" que buscaba destruir el Estado peruano desde el campo hacia la ciudad.

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