Many universities in India and Pakistan (specifically the University of Kashmir) have digitized versions of Hamadani's works. Their digital repositories are the most likely places to find a complete translation. 📖 Why You Should Read It
Hamadani wrote the Zakhirat-ul-Muluk in Persian during an era of significant political fragmentation and moral decay across the Islamic world. Witnessing the corruption of rulers and the exploitation of the masses, he penned this treatise as a mirror for princes, aiming to ground political power in spiritual and ethical accountability. Core Themes of Zakhirat-ul-Muluk zakhirat-ul-muluk english pdf
– Highlighting domestic ethics and familial responsibilities. Many universities in India and Pakistan (specifically the
A complete, professionally published English translation is rare . Most available online "PDFs" are one of the following: Witnessing the corruption of rulers and the exploitation
Emphasizing justice, fairness, and the protection of citizens.
Zakhirat-ul-Muluk is essentially a "mirror for princes," a popular genre in medieval Islamic literature that offered ethical and practical advice to rulers. Hamadani's text, however, elevates this genre by deeply integrating Sufi principles of spiritual purification with political administration. It was written towards the end of the 14th century, likely during his travels, and was dedicated to the Kashmiri Sultan Qutb al-Din.
: Hamadani presents the concept that a ruler must act as the Adil (just and righteous) representative of divine authority. State power is treated not as a tool for personal luxury, but as a heavy spiritual responsibility.