Nearly every project PDF includes a simple but effective testing method: . After assembling the circuit, take a metal screwdriver and gently touch the audio input terminal while the amplifier is powered. A humming sound from the speaker indicates that the amplifier is working. For stereo circuits, you can test each channel separately by touching the corresponding input pin. More thorough calibration requires a signal generator and an oscilloscope, but the screwdriver test is a quick and satisfying first step.
Generates the line-level audio signal (approx. 1V Peak-to-Peak). practical audio amplifier circuit projectspdf
Increase power supply capacitance; use single-point star grounding. High-frequency circuit oscillation Nearly every project PDF includes a simple but