"Sniper of the Mountains" (2017). A 4-minute clip showing a single sniper killing six Afghan National Army soldiers from a distance of 980 meters. The video is silent except for the takbir (God is greatest) after each shot. It remains the most viewed Taliban video on encrypted apps.

A 20-year guerrilla war against US-led forces following the 9/11 attacks [5, 9].

The intersection of Afghanistan, the Taliban, and global media has shaped public perception of the region for decades. From hard-hitting documentaries filming clandestinely on the ground to Hollywood dramatizations and viral digital journalism, visual media offers a powerful window into the country’s complex history.